Here is your short paragraph on India’s Border with China!
India shares 3,917 km long border with China which is over one-fourth of the total land border of the country.
This is the second longest border of India, next only to its border with Bangladesh. Five Indian states, namely Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh touch the Indian boundary with China.
This border is the product of Manchu policy, Chinese Republican policy and the British policy. It is difficult to demarcate this boundary on the ground due to rugged terrain and harsh environment. Therefore, it was delimited on the maps in a rather imprecise form, between British India and independent Tibet.
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China never accepted this boundary legally but ignored the issue during the British rule in India. Since the independence of India on August 15, 1947 and the Communist takeover of China on October 1, 1949, a goodwill gesture developed between these two countries and in 1954 a general agreement containing the principle Ranch Sheet was announced.
These five principles were:
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(i) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
(ii) Mutual non-aggression,
(iii) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,
(iv) Equality and mutual benefit, and
(v) Peaceful co-existence. In the same year, India recognised the Chinese sovereignty over Tibet and it was brought under the direct control of China.
Thus, the buffer character of Tibet ceased to function and a razor-thin boundary between India and China became operative. However, China attacked India in 1962 to take revenge of the so called Indian interference in Tibetan affairs.